In Vivo Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) therapy represents a major breakthrough in cell and gene therapy, enabling T cells to be genetically reprogrammed directly inside the patient's body using viral (Lentiviral, AAV) and non-viral (mRNA-LNP) delivery systems. By eliminating the complex and costly ex vivo manufacturing required for traditional CAR-T, this modality significantly reduces production timelines, lowers costs, and expands patient access through true off-the-shelf availability.

Following Factors Driving the Market Growth:

(1) Pipeline Progress & Clinical Momentum 🔬

As of November 2025, more than 70 in vivo CAR-T assets have been disclosed globally, with seven programs in Phase 1, including UB-VV111, INT2104, ESO-T01, CPTX2309, JY231, MT-302, and MT-303. Early clinical findings are encouraging, including a 100% objective response rate in a small ESO-T01 multiple myeloma cohort and first-in-human immune-reprogramming results for MT-302 and MT-303 in solid tumors.

(2) Surge in Investment and Strategic Deals 💸

From 2020 to November 2025, in vivo CAR-T companies raised over USD 3.3 billion in venture capital, complemented by USD 6.6 billion in acquisitions and option deals involving AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Gilead Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Novartis. Key transactions include AbbVie’s USD 2.1 billion acquisition of Capstan Therapeutics, AstraZeneca’s USD 1.0 billion purchase of EsoBiotec, Gilead/Kite’s USD 350 million acquisition of Interius, and Bristol Myers Squibb’s USD 1.5 billion acquisition of Orbital Therapeutics. Notably, the USD 6.6 billion in big-pharma dealmaking occurred within just seven months in 2025 (June–October), underscoring the rapid escalation of strategic interest in in vivo CAR-T technologies.

Additional Growth Catalysts:

• High unmet needs exist across hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and autoimmune diseases, where the access, scalability, and durability of ex vivo CAR-T therapies remain limited. 

• Rapid technological advances in lentiviral vectors, mRNA-LNPs, circular RNA (circRNA), polymeric nanoparticles, and CRISPR-based integration systems enable safer, more precise, and more scalable in vivo gene delivery. 

• A favorable regulatory landscape, reflected by the FDA Fast Track designation for UB-VV111 and multiple global approvals to initiate first-in-human in vivo CAR-T trials.

However, challenges persist, including the complexity of high-titer vector and nanoparticle manufacturing, risks of off-target transduction and insertional oncogenesis, limited long-term clinical durability data, and competition from ex vivo CAR-T, allogeneic cell therapies, bispecific antibodies, and ADCs.

This report provides quantitative forecasts from 2023 to 2033 across vector classes, payload types, disease indications, and regions, supported by a detailed clinical-trials dataset and investment analysis covering venture funding, partnerships, and M&A activity.

The report has the following key findings:

• The global in vivo CAR-T market is projected to reach USD 30.64 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 61.9% during 2025–2033, from an estimated USD 650 million in 2025. 

• Viral vectors currently dominate in vivo delivery, while mRNA-LNP platforms represent the fastest-growing segment due to scalability and safety for autoimmune indications.

• Hybrid delivery systems, including Enveloped Delivery Vehicles (EDV) and CRISPR-based integration platforms, are emerging as high-growth categories. 

• By payload type, mRNA-encoded CARs lead the segment, while circular RNA is the fastest-growing due to its promise for durable, non-integrating CAR expression. 

• Hematologic malignancies represent the largest market share, while autoimmune diseases and solid tumors offer the fastest-growing commercial opportunities, supported by early clinical activity and large addressable patient populations. 

• North America leads the market today, while Asia Pacific, driven by China, Japan, South Korea, and India, is the fastest-growing region.

The report covers the following topics:

• Market drivers, restraints, and opportunities

• Industry trends, including technological, regulatory, and competitive dynamics 

• Porter’s Five Forces analysis 

• Market segmentation and forecasts from 2023 to 2033 across vector types, payload types, disease indications, and regions 

• Clinical trial landscape analysis by phase, vector, and disease indication 

• Profiles of 9 leading In Vivo CAR-T candidates, including UB-VV111, INT2104, ESO-T01, CPTX2309, MT-302, and others 

• Investment landscape analysis covering funding trends, venture capital activity, and major M&A and partnership deals 

• 30 company profiles, including pipelines, financials, and key strategies 

• Strategic recommendations for investors, developers, and healthcare systems in the emerging “Age of In Vivo” cell therapy

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